What does it take to stick around?

What does it take to stick around? Molecular insights into biofilm formation by uropathogenic Escherichia coli.

Existence in the biofilm state lends bacteria the opportunity to enjoy, at least for a finite amount of time, the benefits of a multicellular entity. The order of events leading to biofilm formation and disassembly has been the topic of interest for numerous studies, aiming to identify factors and mechanisms that underlie this dynamic developmental process. Of particular import is research leve...

What Does It Take

This study explores the extent to which campaign visibility facilitates electoral participation, using data from firstand second-order elections in Britain. Our contribution to the existing literature is threefold. First, we assess whether the effects of campaign effort are conditioned by marginality, finding that campaign mobilisation gets out the vote regardless of the competitiveness of the ...

What does it take to win?

What Does It Take to Mitigate Corruption ?

There has been growing evidence that substantive public resources are lost to corruption in developing countries. This paper investigates pre-existing local conditions associated with the size of public money lost between the government’s disbursement and receipt by beneficiaries, using Indonesia’s poverty alleviation program, IDT. The results show that overall corruption was higher in district...

Thrombolysis: what more does it take?

Eight years have passed since the US Food and Drug Administration approved recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) for stroke thrombolysis. The regulatory authorities of Canada approved it in 1999 and those of Germany in 2000. The European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products (EMEA) approved it for all member states in 2002, although only conditionally. One condition was that...